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LEOS JANACEK

3rdJuly 1854 --- 12thAugust 1928

Leos Janacek was born in 1854, Hukvaldy, Moravia, Austrian Empire and died in 1928, Ostrava, Czech, Janacek was a composer who was
one of the most important exponents of musical nationalism of the 20th century.

Janácek was a choirboy at Brno and studied at the Prague, Leipzig, and Vienna conservatories. In 1881 he founded a college of organists
at Brno, which he directed until 1920. He directed the Czech Philharmonic Orchestra from 1881 to 1888 and in 1919 became professor of
composition  at the  Prague Conservatory. Deeply  interested in folk music,  he collected folk songs  with Frantisek  Bartos  and  between
1884 and 1888 published  the journal Hudební  Listy (Musical Pages).  His first opera, Sárka  (1887-88, produced 1925),  was a Romantic
work in the spirit of Wagner and Smetana. In his later  operas he began  to developed a distinctly  Czech style intimately  connected with
the inflections  of his  native  speech  and like his purely  instrumental  music  in which he makes  use of the scales  and melodic  style  of
characteristics of Moravian folk music. His most important operas were Jenufa (original title, Její pastorkyna, 1904  Her Foster Daughter
which  established Janácek's  international reputatio,  Vec Makropulos (1926, The Makropulos Case),  Z mrtvého domu (1930,  From  the
House of the Dead,  the two one-act satirical operas Výlet pana Broucka do Mesíce (Mr. Broucek's Excursion to the Moon) and Výlet pana
Broucka do XV stol (Mr. Broucek's Excursion to the 15th Century), both performed in Prague in 1920,  and the comic opera Príhody  Lisky
Bystrousky (1924, The Cunning Little Vixen). His operas are marked by a skilled use of music to heighten dramatic impact.

His choral  works also  show his manner of modelling  the writing for  voices on  the inflections  of his native language,  most significantly
the Glagolská mse  (1926, Glagolitic  Mass), also  called the Slavonic or Festival Mass. It is written in the  liturgical language  Old Slavonic
but because it uses  instruments it cannot  be performed in the  Orthodox Church service.  His song cycles  Zápisník zmizelého  (1917-19)
Diary of One Who Vanished and Rikadla (1925-27) Nursery Rhymes are also notable.

Janácek visited Russia three times and developed an interest in Russian language and literature. Works arising from this interest include
the opera Kát'a Kabanová (1921) and the orchestral rhapsody Taras Bulba (1918).

Janácek also wrote a number of instrumental chamber works in which, as in his vocal works,  he manipulates blocks of strong harmonies
and repetitive melodies influenced by the contours of his native folk music. His use of elements of folk music and his attention  to speech
inflection mark him as a 20th-century counterpart of Mussorgsky. Although some influence of the French musical Impressionists appears
in his later works, Janácek's style remained highly individual and original.

Copyright 1994-1998 Encyclopaedia Britannica

Last Updated on 2020
By Steven Ritchie

And now for the Music

New (3149)"Stringquartett No.2, Intimate Letters (1928)". Sequenced by Reinhold Behringer.

New (3150)"The Makropulos Case, Prelude". Sequenced by Andrew Silverman.

New (3151)"Mladi (Youth)". Sequenced by Andrew Silverman.

Thanks to Gary Goldberg for the music below. Email (GaryG@ix.netcom.com)

(2632)"The finale, The Death of Taras Bulba". Sequenced by Gary Goldberg

(1209)"Sinfonietta Opus.60 (1926)". Sequenced by Reinhold Behringer modified by Dr David Siu

(1219)"Sinfonietta No.2 (The Castle)". Sequenced by Dr David Siu

(1210)"Sinfonietta No.3 (The Queen's Convent)". Sequenced by Dr David Siu

(1211)" Sinfonietta No.4 [The Street]". Sequenced by Dr David Siu

(1220)"Sinfonietta No.5 (The Town Hall)". Sequenced by Dr David Siu

(77a)"Glagolitic Mass No.1 Intro". Sequencer unknown

(78a)"Glagolitic Mass No.7 Organ solo". Sequencer unknown

(79a)"Glagolitic Mass No.8 Intrade". Sequencer unknown

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